Information Provided by the Entity (IPE) represents all information used by an auditor in arriving at the conclusions on which the audit opinion is based, whether for testing internal controls or performing substantive procedures. When using IPE as audit evidence, the auditor must evaluate whether it is sufficient and appropriate for the purposes of the audit, which is accomplished by performing procedures to test the accuracy and completeness of the information or by testing the controls over the accuracy and completeness of that information.
Most companies still rely heavily on various spreadsheets, system uploads and manual updates in their day-to-day operations. These procedures create numerous opportunities for information to be misreported due to error or possible fraud. Although financial systems and other technologies continue to advance, companies – as well as auditors – must continuously assess the risks related to the information generated from these applications (i.e., key reports).
When assessing IPE, pertinent risks to be addressed include:
- Data processed by the application (source data where IPE is produced) is not complete or accurate
- Data extracted from the application (defined parameters or range to execute and obtain IPE results) is not complete or accurate
- Computations or classifications performed (creation of IPE) from the application are inaccurate
- Data output from the application to the end-reporting tool is modified or lost (exporting issues) in the transfer
- Information added or changed (manual updates), including computations and classifications using the end-reporting tool, is incomplete, inaccurate or inappropriate
To address risks related to IPE, assessment questions should be covered in detail:
- Which reports, spreadsheets and other key sources of information are used?
- From what underlying data are these reports pulling?
- How does the process owner verify that information contained within the report is extracted as intended?
- How does the process owner verify that calculations performed by or classifications assigned by the system are accurate?
- How does the process owner ensure that data exported is complete and accurate?
- How does the process owner ensure the integrity of any modifications made to the exported data?
- Can this process be automated to reduce the overall risk?
- Can an RPA be developed for this process to increase efficiency?
Risks can be mitigated through automation, ITGC testing and SOC report reliance, while others require thorough documentation of an overall assessment of IPE. Verifying the accuracy and completeness of this information is crucial, as it is relied on for the performance of daily tasks and controls.
